A lively cultural scene, including film festivals (for example the Toronto International Film Festival), premieres, a thriving music or theatre scene (for example, West End theatre and Broadway) an orchestra, an opera company, art galleries, and street performers.World-renowned cultural institutions, such as museums and universities.An advanced communications infrastructure on which modern trans-national corporations rely, such as fiberoptics, Wi-Fi networks, cellular phone services, and other high-speed lines of communications.International financial institutions, law firms, corporate headquarters (especially conglomerates), and stock exchanges (for example the London Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange or the Tokyo Stock Exchange) that have influence over the world economy.In other parts of the world, cities which attract large foreign businesses and related expatriate communities for example, Singapore, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tokyo, and Moscow. In the West, several international cultures and communities (such as a Chinatown, a Little Italy, or other immigrant communities).An advanced transportation system that includes several freeways and/or a large mass transit network offering multiple modes of transportation ( rapid transit, light rail, regional rail, ferry, or bus).A major international airport (for example, London Heathrow Airport) that serves as an established hub for several international airlines.A fairly large population (the centre of a metropolitan area with a population of at least one million, typically several million).Active influence and participation in international events and world affairs for example, New York City is home to the United Nations headquarters complex and consequently contains a vast majority of the permanent missions to the UN.although there are numerous cities and other political entities with the name Paris or variations on it, one would say " Paris", not "Paris, France". International, first-name familiarity whereby a city is recognised without the need for a political subdivision.It has been argued that global cities are those sharing the following characteristics:
The terminology of "global city", as opposed to megacity, is thought to have been first coined by Saskia Sassen in reference to London, New York and Tokyo in her 1991 work The Global City.
The most complex of these entities is the "global city", whereby the linkages binding a city have a direct and tangible effect on global affairs through more than just socio-economic means, with influence in terms of culture, or politics. Related subjects: General GeographyĪ global city or world city are a concept which postulates that globalisation can be broken down in terms of strategic geographic locales that see global processes being created, facilitated and enacted.
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